Variation in Address Forms for Arab Married and Unmarried...

Variation in Address Forms for Arab Married and Unmarried Women in the Workplace. 1. Introduction The present proposal handles the topic of address forms. Hence, it will introduce the basic concepts which are effective in dealing with address forms for Arab married and unmarried women. The politeness theory, terms of address usage in workplace and their categories will be discussed. 1.1 Politeness Theory Politeness theory is a socio-cultural phenomenon based on the social values and norms of a particular community. Holmes (1995:285) reports that politeness is culturally determined, meaning what might be considered as polite in one culture, might not be polite in another. She defines politeness as taking account of the feelings†¦show more content†¦1.4 Social Factors Affecting Address System When any two people communicate, appropriate terms of address must be chosen in order to obtain an effective communication between them. According to Parkinson (1985) terms of address are not chosen randomly but they are governed by certain factors, such as speaker related factors, addressee related factors, speaker-addressee relationship, the interlocutors, and the context. 2. Review of Related Literature The main goal of this study is to investigate the sociolinguistic structure of women terms of address usage in workplace. This part tries to review a number of related studies in different languages, mainly English and Arabic. Mehrotra (1985) describes the forms of address in Hindi in relation to the socio-cultural setting of using them. He notes that variation in the usage of address forms is the meaning of reflecting interlocutors social background or characteristics as they define and affirm both identity and status of the speaker and addressee. Oyetade (1995) provides a descriptive analysis of the forms of address system in Africa, a language spoken in the western part of Nigeria. He finds that the choices that interlocutors made are influenced by the perceived social relationships that exist among them. Their age, social status and kinship are the major principles governing address usage among

Mountain Health And Community Services Essay - 1830 Words

A1. Mountain Health Community Services, Inc (Mountain Health) is a federally qualified health center (FQHC), private, non-profit organization that provides a variety of healthcare and wellness services including adult family medicine, pediatrics, behavioral health, family planning, immunizations, insurance application assistance, women’s health, and community services to the cities that they serve. An FQHC is an organization that received grant funding under Section 330 of the Public Health Service Act. Some requirements of being an FQHC include serving underserved populations, offering a sliding fee scale, and having a quality assurance program. Mountain Health has 6 different locations around San Diego County, where they serve underserved populations and offer medical care to patients that have medi-cal, medi-care, private insurances, and self-pay. Current clinical locations include Campo, Alpine, Santee, San Diego, and Escondido, and a community center in Campo. Two additional clinical locations are in the process of opening in Community Heights and Escondido. The biggest objective of Mountain Health and their mission is to improve and maintain the health and well-being of the whole person. Additional objectives include, being the provider and employer of choice within the communities that they serve, and providing financially sustainable universal access to quality and stable health and wellness services. A2-3. Kristie is the Chief Operations Officer atShow MoreRelatedEnergy Vs. Beauty in Coal Mining Essay1533 Words   |  7 Pagesof coal was modernized to mountain top removal (Holzman). Mountain top removal is the process of blasting the top of a mountain away to retrieve coal from inside the mountain. The effects of mountain top removal may not be visible at first sight, although they are clearly taking effect with no hesitation. 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Oregon V Elstad Essay Example For Students

Oregon V Elstad Essay OREGON v ELSTAD470 U.S. 298, 105 S. Ct. 1285, 84 L.Ed. 2d 222 (1985)MERITS:Officers Burke and McAllister of the Polk County, Oregon Sheriffs office, on the basis of a witness statement, obtained an arrest warrant for Michael Elstad, who was suspected of burglary. The officers went to Elstads home and were escorted to his room by his mother. After instructing the respondent to dress and accompany them to the living room, Officer McAllister took Elstads mother into the kitchen while Officer Burke stayed with the respondent. Without advising Elstad of his Miranda rights, Officer Burke asked him whether he was aware of the officers reason for wanting to talk with him, and whether he knew Mr. and Mrs. Gross (the victims). Elstad stated that he knew the Grosses, and that hed heard theyd been burglarized. Burke replied that he thought Elstad was involved in the burglary, and the respondent admitted, Yes, I was there. He was then taken to the Sheriffs office and was subsequently advised of h is Miranda rights. Elstad stated that he understood his rights and that he would give a statement, which he did in detail. His confession was read back to him and read by him. Elstad initialed and signed the statement and also added a sentence (After leaving the house Robby and I went back to the van and Robby handed me a small bag of grass) to it. Elstad maintained that at no time did the officers make threats or promises to him. He was charged with first degree burglary and opted against a jury trial. Defense immediately moved to suppress both Elstads initial verbal statement and the signed confession, contending that the initial statement he made at his house to Officer Burke let the cat out of the bag, causing his ensuing written confession to be tainted as fruit of the poisonous tree. The judge excluded the initial statement due to Elstads not having been informed of his Miranda rights prior to that statement. Elstads written confession was not excluded, as the judge did not ag ree that it was in any way tainted. Elstad was found guilty of first-degree burglary. APPELLATE:Oregon State Court of Appeals: Conviction reversed. The State contended that although the initial statement made by the respondent (prior to having been advised of his rights) should be inadmissible, his written confession should be allowed. The Court of Appeals, however, saw both statements as inadmissible, as there was little time between the two statements, and that was not enough time to insulate the latter statement from the effect of what went before the cat was sufficiently out of the bag to exert a coercive impact on respondents later admissions. The Oregon Supreme Court declined the States petition for review. The State then petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court, and certiorari was granted. ISSUE:The question in this case was whether the Self-Incrimination Clause of the Fifth Amendment requires that a confession made by a defendant, after having been advised of his Miranda rights and having waived those rights, should be excluded because of another admission made to officers by that defendant before he had been advised of his rights. ARGUMENT:Reasoning:The Court cited the following cases to illustrate and establish precedence for its reasoning:Wong Sun v. United States: Where it was established that evidence and witnesses discovered as the result of search in violation of the Fourth Amendment is considered fruit of the poisonous tree, and must be excluded. The fruit doctrine also applies to confessions. However, Wong Sun also illustrates that precise and proper advisement of Miranda rights serves to cure the condition that rendered the unwarned statement inadmissible: The warning conveys the relevant information and thereafter the suspects choice whether to exercise his privilege to remain silent should ordinarily be viewed as an act of free will. (371 U.S. at 486)Brown v Illinois: Illustrates that a procedural Miranda violation differs from Fourth Amendment violation, as the purpose of the Fourth Amendment exclusionary rule is to curb unreasonable search. .u53de8ae46c460590a30f0bf1fa7b8dff , .u53de8ae46c460590a30f0bf1fa7b8dff .postImageUrl , .u53de8ae46c460590a30f0bf1fa7b8dff .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u53de8ae46c460590a30f0bf1fa7b8dff , .u53de8ae46c460590a30f0bf1fa7b8dff:hover , .u53de8ae46c460590a30f0bf1fa7b8dff:visited , .u53de8ae46c460590a30f0bf1fa7b8dff:active { border:0!important; } .u53de8ae46c460590a30f0bf1fa7b8dff .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u53de8ae46c460590a30f0bf1fa7b8dff { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u53de8ae46c460590a30f0bf1fa7b8dff:active , .u53de8ae46c460590a30f0bf1fa7b8dff:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u53de8ae46c460590a30f0bf1fa7b8dff .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u53de8ae46c460590a30f0bf1fa7b8dff .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u53de8ae46c460590a30f0bf1fa7b8dff .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u53de8ae46c460590a30f0bf1fa7b8dff .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u53de8ae46c460590a30f0bf1fa7b8dff:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u53de8ae46c460590a30f0bf1fa7b8dff .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u53de8ae46c460590a30f0bf1fa7b8dff .u53de8ae46c460590a30f0bf1fa7b8dff-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u53de8ae46c460590a30f0bf1fa7b8dff:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Free on Shakespeare's Macbeth - The Two Side EssayHarris v New York: The Harris Court rejected the premise that a defendants inadmissible confession entitles that defendant to deny every fact disclosed or discovered as fruit of his confession, free from confrontation with his prior statements. (401 U.S.

The Middle Passage Essay Sample free essay sample

Thymine he ground for taking this subject is to let individual to visualise. and to even come near to conceive ofing the adversities that the Africans Slaves encountered in the flagitious Middle Passage. The Middle Passage made the research worker. as an historian. desire to make farther probe and to to the full analyse this intresting event and this is why the subject was chosen. After the slaves had been captured and gone through the procedure of choice on the seashore. they were led to the ship to get down their horriffic journey through the Middle Passage. The journey of the Middle Passage. every bit ghastly as it was. was the 2nd leg of the Triangular Trade. It was deemed ghastly because of the countless deceases which took topographic point. These deceases which took topographic point. These deceases were straight and indirectly as a consequence of the intervention abourd the slave dealers. We will write a custom essay sample on The Middle Passage Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The enslaved Africans were confined under the deck. Under deck ran tyre upon tier of opened ended box like trays 150 centimetres long and 50 centimetres broad and high. The work forces were placed in these with Fe bonds. with ironss looping it. linking it to their neighbors. Womans and kids where located in the bow subdivision. they were put to lye on their sides and even at times on top of each other. John Netwon ( a slave captain between the old ages 1745 to 1754 ) wrote an history of one of his experiences on how the enslaved Africans were placed on the ships and besides the layout of the ship. it states. †With our ships. the great object is. to be full. When the ship is at that place. it is thought desirable. she should tke as many. as possible. The lading of a vas of a 100 dozenss. or small more. is calculated to buy fromtwo hundred and twenty to two hundred and 50 slaves. Their lodging-rooms below the deck. which are three ( work forces. male childs and misss ) besides a topographic point for sick. are sometimes more than five pess high. and sometimes less ; and this tallness is divided towards the center. for the slave prevarication in two rows. one above and the other. like books upon a shelf. I have known so so near. that the shelf would non easy. incorporate one more book. † As seen in the history they were close together. because of this and non holding any t opographic points for the enslaved African to let go of their natural wastes ( urine and fecal matters ) . they had to make it compensate where they were. This contributed to terrible illnesss such as: little syphilis. febrility. inflamation. which besides contributed to decease but non merely that but besides suffication. It did non merely contributed to these illnesss but besides an flagitious malodor that was bosom renching. The ambiance was no longer suited for respiration to take topographic point. Olaudah Equiano ( an African slave ) wrote about his expriences on the Middle Passage about the dreadful atmosphere. It states†I was shortly put down under the decks. and there I recieved such a salutation in my anterior nariss as I had neer experienced in my life ; so that. with the repulsiveness of the malodor. and call together. I became ill and low that I was non able to eat. nor had I least desire to savor anything. I now wished for the last friend. decease. to alleviate me. † As seen in Olaudah Equiano’s history. the ghastly ambiance was non merely an enemy to the anterior nariss but besides the organic structure itself. It caused lost of appittite and besides great doomed of life. but these hideous illnesss did non merely impact the enslaved African but besides the Whites thems elves as seen in an history written by John Newton which was a ship captain. † Epidemical febrility and fluxes. which fill the ship with nauseating noixious effluvia. frequently jailbreak. infect the mariners likewise. and the oppressors. and the laden autumn by the same shot. I believe. about one half of the slaves on board. have. sometimes. died ; and the loss of a 3rd portion in these fortunes is non unusual. †This showed how serious it was and all of this occured because of the ambiance that was developed under the deck ( puke mixed with urine. fecal matters. dead organic structures. and blood ) . Though this did play a monolithic portion iof the deceases on board the bosom interrupting journey on the Middle Passage. but it was accompined by the inhumane actsof the Whites. Thomas Phillip. a slave ship captain. shared his history of what took topographic point on one of his ocean trips which was written in A JOURNAL OF A VOYAGE in the twelvemonth of 1746. †I have been informed that some commanding officers have cut off the legs and weaponries of the most wilful slaves. to terrorize the remainder. for they believe that. if they lose a member. they can non return place once more. I was advised by some of my officers to make the same. but I could non be persuaded to set in pattern such atrocity and inhuman treatment to hapless animals who. demuring their privation of Christianity and true religioun. are as much the workof God’shandsw. and no uncertainty as beloved to him as ourselves. †This history showed how cruel they were being treated on ships in The Middle Passage. As seen in this history from Thomas Phillip. they had no concern to the Africans life. so they would merely kill them cooled heartedly as if they were nil but furniture. This was a barbarous act but it did go on. There wre many cases that acts like this occured in The Middle Passage. but it was non merely by cutting of their legs and weaponries off but besides by crushing them to decease and destructing them emotionally doing them to perpetrate self-destruction.